Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant mainly used as a cognitive enhancer to increase alertness and attentional performance.

Choline is a water soluble nutrient that is related to other vitamins such a folate and those in the B vitamin complex family. Just like B vitamins, choline plays a similar role in terms of supporting energy and brain function.

Vitamin B3 & B12 are 2 of 8 B Vitamins. All B vitamins help the body convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which the body uses to produce energy.

In the body, it's used to make neurotransmitters, which tend to decrease under periods of stressful or mentally demanding situations. There is good evidence that supplementing with tyrosine replenishes these important neurotransmitters and improves mental function, compared to placebo.